England, the largest country in the United Kingdom (UK), is a captivating mix of ancient history, vibrant modern culture, and stunning natural landscapes.
From the iconic landmarks of London to the creative energy of Manchester, each city offers a unique experience for visitors.
Visiting England is even easier for international travelers with the new Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA). This system allows visa-exempt visitors to apply online for pre-approval, making travel smoother than ever.
Whether it’s historic castles, world-class museums, or lively sports scenes, England’s metropolitan cities have something for everyone.
London: England’s Thriving Capital
No trip to England is complete without a visit to London, the country’s bustling capital and largest city. Home to nearly nine million residents, London blends rich history with cutting-edge modernity.
Historical highlights
London’s roots stretch back to Roman times when it was known as Londinium. Today, you can still see remnants of the ancient Roman city wall near the Museum of London and Tower Hill station.
The city is a treasure trove of historic landmarks, including:
- The Tower of London: A former royal fortress and prison housing the Crown Jewels.
- Buckingham Palace: The Queen’s official residence, with its iconic Changing of the Guard.
- Westminster Abbey: The site of royal coronations since 1066.
Modern must-sees
For modern attractions, visit the London Eye for panoramic city views or explore the vibrant markets of Camden and Borough. Art lovers will appreciate the Tate Modern, while shopaholics can indulge along Oxford Street and Covent Garden. Visitors must also not miss the lively theater scene in the West End, where hit musicals and plays light up the stage.
Birmingham: England’s Second City
Located in the heart of England, Birmingham is a dynamic city with a rich industrial past. With over one million residents, it boasts diverse attractions, from historic sites to modern shopping districts.
The bustling Birmingham city offers the following:
- Victoria Square: The city’s bustling center, home to iconic statues and architecture.
- Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery: Featuring works by the Pre-Raphaelites.
- The Jewellery Quarter: A historic area filled with boutique shops and workshops.
A Culinary Destination
Birmingham is famous for its Balti Triangle, offering some of the best South Asian cuisine in the UK. The city is also a major shopping destination, with the Bullring Mall and Grand Central providing plenty of retail therapy.
Liverpool: The Beatles and Beyond
Famed as the birthplace of The Beatles, Liverpool is a city brimming with culture, history, and charm. Once a major seaport, Liverpool’s waterfront has been revitalized and draws millions of tourists yearly.
Here are some key sights to see:
- Royal Albert Dock: A UNESCO World Heritage Site with museums, shops, and restaurants.
- The Beatles Story: An immersive journey through the band’s history.
- Mersey Ferries: Enjoy stunning views of the city from the water.
Sports and Culture
Liverpool is also a sports hotspot, home to Liverpool FC and Everton FC. To dive deeper into maritime history, visit the Maritime Museum or explore the moving International Slavery Museum in the city’s historic docklands.
Manchester: Creativity and Industry
Just 30 miles from Liverpool, Manchester is renowned for its industrial heritage, music scene, and sports culture. Often called the world’s first industrialized city, Manchester has transformed into a vibrant hub for arts and innovation.
Here are the spots that are worth the time.
- The National Football Museum: A must-visit for all soccer fans.
- Science and Industry Museum: Dive into Manchester’s role during the Industrial Revolution.
- The Lowry: A cultural center showcasing art, theater, and music.
Music and Nightlife
Manchester played a pivotal role in shaping modern music, giving rise to bands like Oasis and The Smiths. The city’s nightlife is equally legendary, with trendy bars and live music venues in the Northern Quarter.
York: A Walk Through Time
For travelers seeking a taste of medieval England, York is a must-visit. This charming city in northern England is known for its well-preserved history and cozy atmosphere.
Visitors coming to York must not miss the following:
- York Minster: One of the largest Gothic cathedrals in Europe.
- The Shambles: A picturesque medieval street lined with shops and cafes.
- Jorvik Viking Centre: Discover York’s Viking past in this interactive museum.
York’s city walls offer breathtaking views, making it a perfect destination for history enthusiasts.
Bath: Roman Elegance
Named after its ancient Roman baths, Bath is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its stunning architecture and spa culture. Located in southwest England, this city is perfect for a relaxing getaway.
Must-see attractions in Bath are:
- The Roman Baths: A glimpse into ancient Roman life.
- Bath Abbey: A magnificent church with a rich history.
- Pulteney Bridge: A historic bridge offering beautiful river views.
After exploring, indulge in a spa day at the Thermae Bath Spa, which uses naturally heated spring water.
Cambridge and Oxford: Twin Academic Gems
No trip to England is complete without visiting Cambridge and Oxford, two historic university cities brimming with charm.
These are the following must-see sights in Cambridge:
- The River Cam: Enjoy a leisurely punt ride.
- King’s College Chapel: A masterpiece of Gothic architecture.
Oxford offers the following attractions for visitors:
- The Bodleian Library: One of the oldest libraries in Europe.
- Christ Church College: Famous for its connections to “Harry Potter.”
Both cities offer picturesque streets, quaint bookstores, and rich academic heritage.
Exploring England made easy with the ETA
Traveling between England’s cities is a breeze thanks to its excellent train network and well-connected airports.
Planning a trip to England will also become easier in 2025 with the new ETA for non-visa nationals. This online process ensures hassle-free entry for visa-exempt travelers.
Beginning in 2025, they must apply for a pre-travel authorization before their UK trip. The new system aims to enhance border security while streamlining entry for low-risk visitors.
The ETA will be electronically linked to travelers’ passports. It costs £10 per application and will be valid for two years unless the passport linked to it expires earlier.
During this period, ETA holders can travel to the UK multiple times for short stays or up to six months per visit.
The ETA application process is straightforward and entirely online via the UK Government website or the UK ETA mobile app.
Applicants must submit personal and passport details and contact information, answer security questions, and pay the application fee.
Processing typically takes three days, but there may be cases where it would take longer. For this reason, travelers are advised to apply well before their intended travel to avoid delays.
Visa-required travelers and those denied an ETA must apply for a UK visa to visit England. The same applies to those planning to work, study for more than six months, and live in the UK. The UK ETA scheme does not affect the UK visa application system.